Abstract
The attainment of independence across Africa from the 1950s onwards generated widespread euphoria, hope, and expectations for democratic governance, constitutionalism, economic transformation, and social progress. Drawing on historical and contemporary analyses, this paper examines why these expectations were largely unfulfilled in many post-independence African states. It revisits the independence euphoria, emphasising how nationalist movements envisioned political freedom, self-determination, and the establishment of accountable and democratic institutions. The paper also analyses the factors that undermined these aspirations, including institutional foundations, the adoption of constitutions without constitutionalism, authoritarian consolidation, corruption, ethnic tensions, and pervasive governance failures. While proposing pathways for renewal in the contemporary era, this paper argues that revitalising the original ideals of independence requires strengthening constitutionalism, promoting good governance and accountability, enhancing the notion of separation of powers, combating corruption, fostering inclusive socio-economic development, and deepening regional and international cooperation.